Bitcoin Mining by Country
The United States mines the most bitcoin, about 35.6% of the network's computing power, followed by Russia (18.1%) and, despite its 2021 ban, China (11.7%), according to Hashrate Index's estimates of October 2026. Miners share the 452 bitcoins a day that the network pays out (rewards plus fees) roughly in proportion to their hashrate, so the US share is worth about 161 BTC a day ($13.0 million). The top 10 countries account for about 84% of all mining. Nobody can see where miners are directly: all country figures are estimates, and they disagree.
Network hashrate 1,030 EH/s · bitcoin $80,741 · Nov 5, 2026, 00:46 UTC
Share of bitcoin mining by country, October 2026
% of hashrate (estimates)Source: Hashrate Index, Global Hashrate Heatmap Update: Q4 2026 (5 October 2026), shares for its top 10 countries. Hashrate Index builds the estimates from pool data, public miners' disclosures and other signals; it does not publish a full method. China is shown with its estimated share although mining there is banned.
The Biggest Bitcoin Mining Countries
Estimated share of the network, change over a year, and what that share means today in hashrate and bitcoins.
| Country | Share | EH/s now | BTC a day |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. United States | 35.6% | 367 | 161 |
| 2. Russia | 18.1% | 186 | 81.9 |
| 3. China | 11.7% | 120 | 52.9 |
| 4. Paraguay | 4.8% | 49 | 21.7 |
| 5. Oman | 3.0% | 31 | 13.6 |
| 6. United Arab Emirates | 2.8% | 29 | 12.7 |
| 7. Canada | 2.3% | 24 | 10.4 |
| 8. Indonesia | 2.1% | 22 | 9.5 |
| 9. Norway | 1.7% | 18 | 7.7 |
| 10. Ethiopia | 1.6% | 16 | 7.2 |
Share: Hashrate Index, October 2026; a year earlier: October 2025. EH/s now, bitcoins a day and value are our calculations: share × today's network hashrate (1,030 EH/s) and × the 452.3 BTC a day miners receive (3.125 BTC per block plus about 0.016 BTC in fees, 144 blocks), at $80,741. Mining income goes to whoever owns the machines, which is not always a company from that country.
Why the Estimates Disagree
Three ways of measuring where bitcoin is mined, and what each one sees.
| Country | Hashrate Index October 2026, whole network | Cambridge survey mid-2024, surveyed firms only | Cambridge map Jan 2022, pool data |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 35.6% | 75.4% | 37.8% |
| Russia | 18.1% | 2.3% | 4.7% |
| China | 11.7% | — | 21.1% |
| Paraguay | 4.8% | 3.4% | — |
| Oman | 3.0% | — | — |
| Canada | 2.3% | 7.1% | 6.5% |
| United Arab Emirates | 2.8% | 2.2% | — |
| Indonesia | 2.1% | — | — |
| Norway | 1.7% | 2.8% | — |
| Ethiopia | 1.6% | — | — |
| Kazakhstan | — | 2.6% | 13.2% |
| Germany | — | — | 3.1% |
| Ireland | — | — | 2.0% |
| Iran | — | — | 0.1% |
| Bhutan | — | 1.4% | — |
Hashrate Index (Luxor) estimates the whole network's location every quarter. Cambridge's 2025 Digital Mining Industry Report surveyed 49 mining firms that ran about 48% of the network in mid-2024; its shares are of those firms only, and Cambridge itself says the US is over-represented and Russia under-represented, so its 75% US figure is not a national share of all mining (report). Cambridge's mining map located the users of a few large pools by IP address up to January 2022; it showed China's share before and after the 2021 ban, and flagged Germany and Ireland as likely VPN artefacts (Cambridge, May 2022).
The biggest disagreements are over Russia (about 2% in the survey, 15–18% in other estimates) and China (21% in early 2022, 12–14% now, all of it officially illegal). Miners in both countries have reasons not to be counted.
Bitcoin Mining Rules by Country
Where mining is legal, restricted or banned, and recent changes (checked November 2026).
| Country | Status | What to know |
|---|---|---|
| United States | Legal | Legal federally; regulated mainly at state level (some states restrict fossil-powered PoW, e.g. New York's 2022 moratorium). Largest hashrate country at ~35.6% (Hashrate Index, Q4 2026). Source, 5 October 2026 |
| Russia | Legal, regional bans | Mining was legalised from Nov 2024 with a registry. Year-round bans apply in 10 regions (North Caucasus republics, DNR, LNR, Zaporizhzhia, Kherson) from 1 Jan 2025 to 2031, with partial or seasonal bans in parts of Irkutsk, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky. A new ban covers Moscow, the Moscow region and parts of Kursk from 15 Aug 2026 to 31 Dec 2032. Source, 3 August 2026 |
| China | Banned | Mining banned since the Sept 2021 NDRC/PBoC notices and placed on the industrial 'eliminate' list. Activity continues underground (Xinjiang, Sichuan), estimated at 11.7–14% of hashrate; Xinjiang enforcement in Dec 2025 reportedly cut ~13% of Chinese capacity. Source, 6 April 2026 |
| Paraguay | Legal, special tariff | Legal. Miners are in ANDE's 'Grupo de Consumo Intensivo Especial' (GCIE) and pay in USD in advance, with a 3-month deposit. Res. P/N 49238 (26 Jun 2024) raised tariffs 9–16%. Existing contracts expire 31 Dec 2027. 41 firms use ~13.5% of Paraguay's Itaipú energy, and ANDE projects US$350m revenue from miners in 2026. Source, 11 April 2026 |
| Oman | Legal, licensed | Licensed operators (Exahertz, Green Data City) run in free zones under Vision 2040, with tax benefits and subsidised power. Oman had ~3.0% of hashrate in Q4 2026. Source, 7 September 2023 |
| United Arab Emirates | Legal, mostly state-linked | No dedicated federal mining law; large projects are semi-governmental (e.g. Zero Two/Phoenix, Marathon). Abu Dhabi banned mining on agricultural farms in May 2024 (ADAFSA, fines up to AED 10,000). Source, 25 May 2024 |
| Canada | Legal (provincial rules) | Legal; provinces regulate (e.g. Hydro-Québec Rate CB for miners; earlier BC and Manitoba pauses). Share ~2.3% (Hashrate Index, Q4 2026). Source, 5 October 2026 |
| Indonesia | Legal | Top-10 country in 2026 (2.1%, ~20 EH/s, Q4 2026) on hydro; regulation varies by region. Source, 5 October 2026 |
| Norway | Legal; new-site ban planned | The government announced a planned temporary ban on new crypto-mining data centres in June 2025. On 12 Mar 2026 the Storting asked the government for a bill banning new mining data centres; no in-force date yet. Source, 16 March 2026 |
| Ethiopia | Legal; new permits frozen | Licensed 'data mining' with power sold by state utility EEP; about 25 licensed firms. New licences and power allocations have been frozen since March 2025, and hardware imports were to be blocked by end-2025. EEP earned ~US$220m from miners in 2025 and projects US$312.5m for FY to Jun 2026. Source, 29 October 2025 |
| Argentina | Legal | Legal. Decrees 450–452/2025 moved the power market to marginal-cost and bilateral USD PPAs after subsidy removal; hashrate fell (~3 EH/s Q4 2026) as Bitfarms closed its 40 MW site. Source, 15 April 2026 |
| Bhutan | State-led | State-led mining via Druk Holding & Investments and Bitdeer: Gedu 100 MW and Jigmeling 500 MW (operating at 424 MW). Bhutan has no supply commitment for Jan–Mar, so winter power is imported from India. Source, 17 January 2026 |
| Bolivia | Unregulated | No specific mining regulation; subsidised gas-fired grid; ~4 EH/s in Q4 2026 (Hashrate Index). Source, 15 April 2026 |
| Brazil | Legal | No ban. The free power market (ACL) opened to all high-voltage consumers in 2024; ~4 EH/s in 2026. Source, 15 April 2026 |
| Egypt | Effectively banned | Central Bank Law 194/2020 bars issuing, trading or promoting crypto without a CBE licence (none issued); mining is treated as illegal in practice. Source, 5 November 2026 |
| El Salvador | Legal, state-run | State-run geothermal (LaGeo) mining. The Bitcoin Law was amended under the 2024–25 IMF programme (merchant acceptance voluntary); minimal share. Source, 15 April 2026 |
| Finland | Legal | No mining-specific restrictions found; ~7 EH/s in Q4 2026 (Hashrate Index). Source, 5 October 2026 |
| Georgia | Legal; crackdowns | Legal, but authorities cracked down on unmetered mining using subsidised highland power in Mestia/Svaneti (2024–25). ~11 EH/s in Q4 2026. Source, 13 November 2024 |
| Germany | Legal | Legal and unremarkable. Its 3.06% CBECI share (2021–22) is likely VPN/proxy masking per Cambridge. Source, 17 May 2022 |
| Iceland | Legal; no new power | Legal, but new data-centre or mining power allocations are effectively unavailable due to scarcity; the government and Landsvirkjun prioritise households and industry (2023–24). Source, 23 March 2024 |
| Iran | Licensed only (most unlicensed) | Licensed mining has been legal since 2019, but officials say >95% of 427,000 active devices (~1,400 MW) are unlicensed (Nov 2025). After the Feb 2026 strikes on energy infrastructure, Iran's hashrate fell to ~2–3 EH/s. Source, 2 November 2025 |
| Ireland | Legal | Legal. Its 1.97% CBECI share is likely a masking artefact per Cambridge. Source, 17 May 2022 |
| Kazakhstan | Legal, licensed | Licensed mining with a per-kWh mining fee. Under the 2026 Tax Code the general rate is KZT 2/kWh, KZT 1 for renewables or own generation, and KZT 25 without working meters. Since 1 Jan 2025 miners must sell 75% of mined coins via AIFC exchanges. A 7 Jul 2026 presidential decree orders rules for flared or associated-gas mining by Mar 2027. Source, 16 March 2026 |
| Kenya | Legal | Legal; the VASP Act 2025 and VASP Regulations 2026 frame crypto services. KenGen courts miners for geothermal surplus; small hashrate. Source, 5 November 2026 |
| Kuwait | Effectively banned | Crypto is illegal. In April–May 2025 the interior ministry declared mining an 'unlawful exploitation of electrical power' and raided ~100 homes in Al-Wafrah; local consumption fell 55%. Source, 2 May 2025 |
| Kyrgyzstan | Legal, regulated | Legal and taxed. Parliament approved new mining rules in mid-2025, and winter supply cuts to miners are common. ~4 EH/s in 2026. Source, 6 April 2026 |
| Laos | Being phased out | The government said it may stop supplying power to miners entirely by end-Q1 2026; mining load is ~150 MW, down from a 500 MW peak. Hashrate Index still shows ~9 EH/s in Q4 2026. Source, 17 October 2025 |
| Malaysia | Legal | Mining isn't banned, but electricity theft by miners is rampant: TNB lost RM4.57bn (2020–Aug 2025) across 13,827 premises, and the deputy minister puts losses at ~RM700m/year (May 2026). Source, 19 November 2025 |
| Nepal | Banned | Nepal Rastra Bank declared crypto trading and mining illegal and punishable (Sept 2021 notice). Source, 10 September 2021 |
| Pakistan | Legal, state-backed | In May 2025 the government announced 2,000 MW of surplus power for bitcoin mining and AI data centres. The IMF has not agreed to the proposed discounted tariff (Jul 2025). Hashrate grew to ~8 EH/s by Q4 2026. Source, 3 July 2025 |
| Sweden | Legal | Reduced electricity tax for data centres was abolished from July 2023: SEK 0.006 to 0.36/kWh, about 60x. Source, 15 April 2023 |
| Uruguay | Legal | State utility UTE cut power to Tether's ~US$120m mining sites in Jul 2025 after a supply and billing dispute; Uruguay hashrate collapsed (~0.05 EH/s in 2026). Source, 24 August 2026 |
| Uzbekistan | Legal, restricted | Since 2022, mining is allowed only for registered legal entities, chiefly using solar or their own power and at higher grid tariffs. Source, 4 May 2022 |
| Venezuela | Banned | Nationwide 'absolute ban' on digital mining (2024), reaffirmed 7–8 May 2026 when power demand hit a 9-year peak. Hashrate Index still sees ~10 EH/s in Q4 2026, attributed to state-operated mining. Source, 8 May 2026 |
Rules change often; check the source and a local adviser before acting. For US states and Canadian provinces see mining profit by state and province; for whether owning bitcoin is legal, is bitcoin legal?.
Bitcoin mining
Mining by country: FAQ
Which country mines the most bitcoin?
The United States, with about 35.6% of the network's hashrate in October 2026 (Hashrate Index estimate). At today's rate that is about 161 bitcoins a day. Texas, Georgia, New York and North Dakota host many of the largest sites.
Is bitcoin mining still happening in China?
Yes, although it was banned in 2021. Estimates put China at about 11.7% of hashrate in October 2026 (Hashrate Index), down from about 21% in January 2022 (Cambridge). Miners there use unofficial power deals, mainly hydro in Sichuan and coal in Xinjiang, and enforcement comes in waves.
How much bitcoin does each country produce?
Bitcoin isn't mined by countries but by companies and individuals, who earn the block reward when their machines find a block. Over time each country's miners earn roughly its share of the hashrate: today the network pays about 452.3 BTC a day, so 35.6% is about 161 BTC a day for US-based miners.
Where is bitcoin mining banned?
Among the countries we track: China, Venezuela, Nepal, Kuwait, Egypt. Several others restrict it: Russia bans it in some regions, Norway plans to bar new mining data centres, Ethiopia has frozen new permits and Laos is phasing miners out.
How do we know where bitcoin is mined?
We don't, exactly. Blocks don't carry a location. Estimates use mining-pool data (where pool users connect from), surveys of mining firms, public companies' disclosures, power data and import records. VPNs, private deals and illegal mining make every method imperfect, which is why the figures differ.
Country shares are third-party estimates, quoted with their source and date. Network hashrate, fees and price: mempool.space and Corgano's live price. Bitcoins a day, hashrate by country, profit and cost per bitcoin are Corgano's calculations. Rules and electricity prices researched November 2026; sources in the tables. Not financial or legal advice.
Cite this page
For essays, articles and research. Prices on this page update daily, so the citations include today's date as the date you accessed it.
@misc{corgano2026bitcoinminingbycountry, author = {{Corgano}}, title = {Bitcoin Mining by Country}, howpublished = {\url{https://bitcoinprice.corgano.com/bitcoin-mining-by-country}}, year = {2026}, note = {Corgano Bitcoin Price, accessed 2026-11-05}}